Imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikingiwe ni sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro ihuza ubushobozi bwo gutwara imiyoboro hamwe na tekinoroji ikora neza. Zikoreshwa cyane muri peteroli, imiti, gushyushya uturere, gukonjesha, ninganda zikora inganda. Agaciro kabo kibanze muburyo bwihariye bwububiko, bugabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe mugihe cyujuje ibyangombwa byubwubatsi nko kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya igitutu.
I. Ibice Byibanze Byubatswe Byimiyoboro Yicyuma
Imiyoboro y'icyuma yubatswe ntabwo yubatswe kuva mubintu bimwe ahubwo igizwe nibintu bitatu - imiterere yibanze: umuyoboro wibyuma ukora, urwego rukingira, hamwe nigikonoshwa cyo hanze kirinda. Ibishushanyo bimwe na bimwe birimo ibice byingirakamaro bifasha nkumurongo wo gutabaza.
1. Umuyoboro wibyuma ukora (Umuyoboro w'imbere)
Imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikora niyo itwara ibintu bitwara ibintu (nk'amazi ashyushye, amavuta, cyangwa amavuta). Mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyuma bidafite ibyuma, umuyoboro wizunguruka, cyangwa umuyoboro usudutse. Ibikoresho byatoranijwe hashingiwe kubiranga imiterere, nk'icyuma cya karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, cyangwa ibyuma bivangwa. Urukuta rw'imbere rugomba kuba rwujuje ruswa kandi - rwo guhangana n’umuvuduko ukabije, mu gihe urukuta rwo hanze rugomba guhuzwa cyane n’urwego.
2.
Igikoresho cyo kubika ni urwego rwibanze rwa tekinike yumuringa wicyuma, umurimo wibanze wacyo ni uguhagarika ihererekanyabubasha. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kubika birimo:
Ifuro rya polyurethane (PUF): Ubushyuhe buke (hafi 0.024 W / m · K), gufunga cyane - ibirimo selile, n'imbaraga zo kwikuramo cyane. Kugeza ubu ni ibikoresho byingenzi byiganjemo kandi byabyimbye kurubuga - cyangwa byateguwe mu nganda.
Ubwoya bwo mu rutare / ibirahuri: Bikwiranye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru - (urugero, hejuru ya dogere 500), ariko bufite ubucucike bukabije hamwe na hygroscopique.
Ikirere cya Airgel: Ultra nshya - nanomaterial yoroheje ifite ubushyuhe buke cyane ()<0.018 W/m·K), but it is more expensive and is primarily used in specialized, high-end projects.
Ubunini bwurwego rwimibare ibarwa hashingiwe ku bushyuhe bwo hagati, itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije, hamwe n’ubukungu, ubusanzwe buri hagati ya mm 30 na 150.
3. Igikonoshwa gikingira (Urupapuro rwo hanze)
Igikonoshwa kirinda urwego rwimitsi kwangirika kwimashini, imirasire ya UV, no kwangirika kwubutaka. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo:
Hejuru - ubucucike bwa polyethylene (HDPE): Ruswa - irwanya kandi idakoresha amazi, ikwiriye gushyirwaho munsi yubutaka, ikozwe nubushyuhe - gushonga.
Ibyuma bya aluminiyumu / aluminiyumu: Ikoreshwa mu miyoboro yo hejuru cyangwa hejuru y’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru -, itanga imbaraga z’ubukanishi kandi irashobora guhuzwa hamwe na anti - yangirika kugirango yongere ubuzima bwa serivisi.
Fiberglass ishimangira plastike (FRP): Ihuza kurwanya ruswa hamwe nuburemere bworoshye, bigatuma ibera ibidukikije byangirika cyane nkinganda zikora imiti.
II. Imiterere y'abafasha no kwagura imikorere
Bimwe murwego rwo hejuru - birangira sisitemu yimiyoboro yicyuma irashobora gukomeza guhuza ibi bikurikira:
Umugozi wo gutabaza wacitse: Yinjijwe murwego rwimikorere, ihita ibona aho ikosa ikoresheje impinduka zerekana ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mugihe imyanda ibaye mumashanyarazi ikora, byongera umutekano.
Igikoresho cyo kunyerera / impeta yo gushyigikira: Ikoreshwa mu burebure - intera itaziguye - imiyoboro yashyinguwe kugirango igabanye ibyangiritse biterwa no guhangayika kwinshi.
Gukwirakwiza Vacuum (igishushanyo kidasanzwe kandi cyihariye): Ibi biragabanya kandi kugabanya ubushyuhe binyuze mu cyuho, ariko igiciro cya tekiniki ni kinini cyane.
III. Ibyiza byubaka byimiyoboro ikingiwe
Hejuru - Gukwirakwiza neza: Imiterere myinshi - imiterere ikora ikorana, bikavamo ubushyuhe bwumuriro buri munsi cyane ugereranije nibyuma bisanzwe, bikagabanya ubushyuhe bugera kuri 1/5 kugeza 1/10 cyumuyoboro gakondo.
Ubuzima Burebure: Icyatsi cyo hanze ni ruswa - irwanya kandi irwanya kugabanuka kwa geologiya, hamwe nigihe cyo gushushanya imyaka 30 kugeza 50.
Kubaka byoroshye: Byakozwe neza - imiyoboro yashyinguwe ituma umusaruro w’uruganda rusanzwe, bisaba gusa - gutegura ikibanza, kugabanya igihe cyo kubaka.
Kurengera Ibidukikije no Kuzigama Ingufu: Kugabanya imyanda y’ingufu, yujuje ibyangombwa by’inganda bibisi mu ntego za "karuboni ebyiri".
Umwanzuro
Igishushanyo mbonera cyimiyoboro yicyuma ikubiyemo guhuza byimbitse ibikoresho siyanse, thermodinamike, hamwe nubuhanga bukoreshwa. Kuva mu miyoboro y'imbere ikora kugeza ku cyuma cyo gukingira hanze, buri cyiciro gitezimbere imikorere yacyo, amaherezo kikagera ku ntego nyinshi zo "gutwara neza + ndende - igihe cyo gukingirwa + kurinda umutekano wizewe." Hamwe nogutezimbere ibikoresho bishya byokwirinda (nka aerogels na nano {{5} ating izingira), imiterere yimiyoboro yicyuma izakomeza kuba yoroshye kandi ifite ubwenge, ikagura ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoreshwa mumirenge igenda itera imbere nkingufu nshya hamwe nuyoboro -.
