Inyuma ya buri kiraro, inyubako ndende - izamuka, hamwe numuyoboro wa peteroli wubatswe nabantu urimo ibintu bisa nkibisanzwe ariko byingenzi: umuyoboro wibyuma. Iyi silindiri idafite icyuma, hamwe nibyiza byayo byubatswe, yahindutse ikintu cyibanze cyibanze mubuhanga bugezweho. Kuva ikoreshwa ryambere ryambere - mugihe cyimpinduramatwara yinganda kugeza nubu, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryicyuma ryakomeje kugendana niterambere ryabantu. Ntabwo ari ugukwirakwiza imbaraga gusa ahubwo ni umutware wubwenge.
Ikintu kigaragara cyane cyumuyoboro wibanze ni "hollow - ikomeye" imiterere yubukanishi. Ugereranije nicyuma gikomeye gifite uburemere bumwe, umuyoboro wibyuma wibanda kubintu mukarere kinyuma yumwaka, bikagabanya cyane uburemere bwacyo mugihe gikomeza kwihanganira no kwikubita hasi. Ubu buryo bwiza bwubaka butuma umuyoboro wibyuma ugera kuburemere ntarengwa - ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu hamwe nogukoresha ibintu bike, cyane nkimigano, igera kuburinganire bwimbaraga nimbaraga muri kamere binyuze muburyo bwayo. Mu nganda zubaka, imiyoboro yicyuma ikoreshwa nkumutwaro - ifite inkingi mu nyubako ndende - izamuka, hamwe nuburemere bwikigero cyikubye inshuro 5 - inshuro 8 ugereranije n’inkingi zisanzwe. Mu gukora imashini, imiyoboro yicyuma irashobora kwihanganira imbaraga nini za centrifugal ziterwa no kuzunguruka byihuse nta guhindura.
Duhereye ku bikoresho siyanse, imiyoboro y'ibanze igezweho yateje imbere ibicuruzwa bikungahaye. Umuyoboro wa karubone wubatswe, ubwoko bwibanze, ufite uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya no gukomera, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi rusange no gukora imashini. Hasi {2} Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma, bitewe na firime yuzuye ya oxyde yakozwe na chromium, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, bigatuma ihitamo bisanzwe mu nganda z’imiti n’ibiribwa. Imiyoboro ikomatanya ibyuma, byagaragaye mumyaka yashize, ikomatanya ibikoresho bitandukanye mukuyitwika, ikagera kumurongo wimitungo igoye kuyigeraho hamwe nibikoresho bimwe. Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byicyuma bisa n "" inyuguti "murwego rwubwubatsi, bituma abashakashatsi babihuza kugirango babone ibyo bakeneye bitandukanye.
Ubwihindurize bwikoranabuhanga ryo gukora imiyoboro yicyuma biratangaje. Imiyoboro gakondo idafite ibyuma ikorwa binyuze mubikorwa bishyushye nko gutobora no kuzunguruka. Ntibigaragaza gusudira nubunyangamugayo bukomeye, bigatuma bikwiranye nibidukikije bikaze nkumuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe bwinshi. Ku rundi ruhande, imiyoboro y'ibyuma isudira, ikorwa no gutekesha ibyuma hanyuma ikabisudira hamwe. Zitanga umusaruro mwinshi nigiciro gito, kandi ziganje kumasoko rusange yo gutwara ibintu. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukora imiyoboro yatangije inzira ziterambere nko kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro no muri - umurongo ugenzurwa no gukonjesha, kugera ku ntera itigeze ibaho yerekana uburinganire bwuzuye no guhuza imikorere mubyuma. Birashimishije cyane cyane ko hamwe niterambere mu buhanga bwo gucapa 3D mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’ibyuma, imiyoboro y’ibyuma yubatswe yubatswe binyuze mu nganda ziyongera bishobora kuba bishoboka mu gihe kiri imbere, bikingura uburyo bushya bwo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera.
Mubikorwa byubwubatsi bufatika, agaciro k'imiyoboro y'ibyuma akenshi kongerwaho binyuze mubuhanga buhanga. Mu minara yohereza, imiyoboro yicyuma ihujwe binyuze mumashanyarazi kugirango habeho imiterere yoroheje ariko ihamye. Ku mbuga za offshore, umubyimba - ukikijwe n'amaguru y'ibyuma birashobora kwihanganira ingaruka zigeze rimwe - muri - a - umuyaga n'umuyaga. Muri sisitemu yo gusohora ibinyabiziga, ivangwa cyane cyane - imiyoboro ikikijwe n'inkuta igomba kuba ishobora guhangana n’ubushyuhe bukabije - kandi byujuje ibyangombwa byoroheje. Izi porogaramu zerekana neza guhuza imiyoboro yicyuma nk "" ururimi rwubuhanga "- injeniyeri zirashobora kugenzura neza imyitwarire yubukorikori hamwe nimikorere yimiterere yuburyo butandukanye bwa diameter, uburebure bwurukuta, ibikoresho, nuburyo bwo guhuza. Mu nyubako zigezweho zubatswe, ibyuma bisanzwe byuma byuma, nka "Amatafari ya Lego," bihujwe neza kugirango bibe byubatswe, bitezimbere cyane ubwubatsi no kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Urebye muri rusange, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zikora ibyuma bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'intego zirambye z'iterambere. Ibicuruzwa bishya - ibisekuruza byibyuma, binyuze muburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya ibishishwa hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, bigabanya ibyuma byagaciro mugihe ukomeza imikorere. Udushya mu byuma byo mu cyuma birwanya - tekinoroji yo kwangirika, nka zinc - ya aluminiyumu ikomatanya hamwe na ceramic, byongerera cyane ubuzima bwabo kandi bikagabanya gukoresha umutungo. Igipimo kinini cyo gutunganya imiyoboro yicyuma nyuma yo gusenywa (hejuru ya 98%) bituma iba ibikoresho byubukungu byukuri. Iterambere ntirigaragaza gusa ubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga ryubuhanga ahubwo ryerekana uruhare rwikiremwamuntu kuri kamere.
Umuyoboro wibanze wibyuma ntushobora kuba ufite isura nziza cyangwa ukunze kugaragara mumaso ya rubanda, ariko nka "sisitemu ya skeletale" yimico igezweho, ishyigikira bucece isi yacu. Kuva kuri beto - yuzuyemo ibyuma byuma bya Burj Khalifa bizamuka mu kirere i Dubai, kugeza ku cyuma gikingira insinga za fibre optique ya transoceanic; kuva mubikorwa byububiko bwamashanyarazi ya nucleaire kugeza kumiyoboro ikusanya ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi yizuba murugo - imiyoboro yicyuma, muburyo butandukanye, yinjira mubice byose mubuzima bwacu. Gusobanukirwa imiyoboro yicyuma ni ugusobanukirwa amahame shingiro yubuhanga bugezweho; kumenya neza ibyuma bya tekinoroji ikora urufunguzo rukomeye ruhuza ibizaza nigihe kizaza. Mugihe cyibintu bishya bitagira ingano, imiyoboro yibanze ikomeza umwanya wibanze udasimburwa, kwerekana ubwenge bwubwubatsi kurwego rworoshye.
