Mu nganda nka peteroli, gaze, imiti, nimbaraga, imiyoboro ifite inshingano zikomeye zo gutwara itangazamakuru, nkimiyoboro yamaraso. Nyamara, iyi miyoboro irashobora kwangirika bitewe nigihe kirekire - igihe cyo guhura nubushuhe, imiti yangiza, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibi ntibigabanya ubuzima bwabo gusa ahubwo birashobora no guteza umutekano muke nko kumeneka no guturika. Kugaragara kwa ruswa - imiyoboro irwanya ibyuma ikemura iki kibazo. Binyuze mu nzira yihariye, hashyizweho urwego rwo gukingira hejuru yicyuma cyuma, rukora nkingabo ikingira, ikongerera cyane igihe cyumuyoboro kandi ikanakora neza.
1. Ibyingenzi bya Ruswa - Umuyoboro wibyuma birwanya: Igizwe numuyoboro wibyuma hamwe nuburinzi
Mu nkingi yacyo, ruswa - irwanya ibyuma biracyari umuyoboro usanzwe wicyuma (nkudasembuye, uzunguruka, cyangwa ugororotse {{1} am wad) Izi nzego zirinda zishobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bitatu hashingiwe kubintu n'ibikorwa byakoreshejwe: gutwikira, gutondekanya, no kurinda ruswa. Ipitingi niyo ikoreshwa cyane muri tekinoroji.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa birimo ifu ya epoxy (FBE), eshatu - layer polyethylene (3PE), kaseti ya polyethylene, hamwe na polyurethane. Dufashe nk'urugero rwa 3PE, rugizwe n'urufatiro rw'ifu ya epoxy (itanga imbaraga zikomeye ku muyoboro w'icyuma no kurwanya imiti), igice cyo hagati cyo gufatira hamwe (guhuza epoxy layer na polyethylene yo hanze), hamwe na polyethylene yo hanze (kurwanya kwangirika kwa mashini n'imirasire ya UV). Iyi miterere itatu - ikora ikorana kugirango irwanye kwangirika kwubutaka n’amazi yo mu nyanja, mugihe kandi ihanganira ingaruka zumubiri iyo zishyinguwe cyangwa hejuru.
2. "Kurinda Logic" yo Kurwanya - Umuyoboro wibyuma: Ibintu bitatu byo gukumira ruswa
Kwangirika kw'ibyuma mubyukuri ni amashanyarazi. Iyo imiyoboro yicyuma ihuye namazi, ogisijeni, na electrolytite (nkumunyu mubutaka), selile ya galvanic ikora, bigatuma atome yicyuma itakaza electroni na okiside (ikora ingese). Ruswa - imiyoboro irwanya ibyuma ihagarika iyi nzira hakoreshejwe uburyo bukurikira:
Kwigunga kumubiri: Ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho (nka polyethylene cyangwa ceramic) bitandukanya rwose umuyoboro wibyuma muburyo bwangirika, bikabuza guhura.
Passivation ya chimique: Ipitingi zimwe (nka porojeri ya epoxy) zifata hejuru yicyuma kugirango zikore firime yuzuye ya passivation, ibuza kohereza electron.
Kurinda amashanyarazi: Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya cathodic (ICCP) ikoreshwa cyane (ikoreshwa kenshi ifatanije na coatings) ikoresha umuyaga uhinduranya umuyoboro wibyuma, ukayihindura cathode, bityo ukayirinda kwangirika nka anode.
Ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze yashyinguwe, kurugero, igipfunyika cya 3PE cyanga kwinjira mubushuhe bwumunyu numunyu biva mubutaka, mugihe gahunda yo gukingira catodique itanga urundi rwego rwo kurinda, bikadindiza inzira yo kwangirika kabone nubwo igifuniko cyangiritse igice.
3. Ikarita yubushobozi bwa Ruswa - Imiyoboro yicyuma irwanya: Guhuza nibintu bitandukanye
Ibisabwa byo gukingira ruswa biratandukanye cyane mubihe bitandukanye byinganda, bikavamo ubwoko butandukanye bwangirika - ubwoko bwicyuma cyihanganira ibyuma bugamije gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije:
Ku miyoboro yashyinguwe: 3PE cyangwa epoxy amakara yamakara arahitamo. Iyambere irwanya imihangayiko yubutaka no gutera imizi yibiti, bigatuma ibera gaze gasanzwe no gutwara amavuta meza; icya nyuma ni gito - igiciro nubushuhe - birwanya, bigatuma bikoreshwa cyane mugutanga amazi nuyoboro.
Ibidukikije byo mu nyanja: Kubona spray yumunyu mwinshi, imirasire ikomeye ya UV, hamwe no kwibiza mumazi yinyanja, ifu ya epoxy + polyurethane sheath yo hanze cyangwa titanium nano - umuyoboro wicyuma usize birakenewe cyane, hamwe no kurwanya umunyu kumara imyaka irenga 20.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - nubushyuhe bwo hejuru - ibidukikije byumuvuduko: Kumashanyarazi yumuriro wumuriro cyangwa imiyoboro ya reaction ya chimique, ceramic ceramic cyangwa hejuru ya - ubushyuhe bwa epoxy (bushobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe burenze dogere 300), biratanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya ihindagurika ryumuriro.
Itangazamakuru ryihariye: Iyo utwaye aside irike na alkaline (nka acide sulfurike na lye), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - umuyoboro wibyuma urasabwa. Ubusembwa bwa chimique butuma irwanya hafi ya mazi yose yangirika cyane.
4. Agaciro ka Anti - ruswa Imiyoboro y'ibyuma: Ingwate ebyiri zubukungu n’umutekano
Inyungu zubukungu zo gukoresha imiyoboro ya anti - ruswa irahambaye. Imiyoboro isanzwe yicyuma irashobora gukenera gusimburwa buri myaka 3 - 5 mugihe cyibidukikije byangirika, mugihe imiyoboro yo hejuru - irwanya - imiyoboro yicyuma ishobora kwangirika imyaka 20 - 50 (urugero, imiyoboro ya 3PE irwanya ruswa isanzwe ikorwa mugihe cyimyaka 50). Kurugero, iturika rya gazi isanzwe iterwa no kwangirika no kumeneka bishobora kuvamo igihombo cyubukungu bwa miriyoni amagana. Nyamara, ishoramari mu miyoboro irwanya ruswa ihwanye na 5% -15% gusa yikiguzi cyose, nyamara irashobora kugabanya ibyago byimpanuka hejuru ya 90%.
Mubyongeyeho, imiyoboro irwanya - kwangirika iteza icyatsi nicyatsi - iterambere rya karubone. Ruswa igabanya imiyoboro ikora neza (urugero, gupima byongera imbaraga), mugihe imiti yo kurwanya - ikora ruswa ikomeza imiyoboro yimbere yimbere, bikagabanya gutakaza ingufu. Kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi bigabanya ingaruka zibidukikije kumiyoboro yicyuma yataye.
Umwanzuro: "Umurinzi Utagaragara" Kurinda Ubuzima Bwinganda
Kuva mu burengerazuba bunini - Umuyoboro wa gazi w’iburasirazuba ugana ku murongo wohereza inganda z’imiti yo ku nkombe, kuva muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi yo mu mijyi kugeza ku miyoboro y’ingufu za sitasiyo y’ubushakashatsi bwa polar, imiyoboro y’ibyuma irwanya - ruswa irinda bucece umutekano n’imikorere y’inganda zigezweho. Hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho siyanse hamwe na tekinoroji ya - (nko guteza imbere imyenda ya nano - hamwe nogukurikirana ubwenge kurwanya - ruswa), imiyoboro irwanya - ruswa irashobora kuba nziza kandi iramba, ikomeza kuba umusingi ukomeye wo kurinda ingufu z’ingufu n’ibikorwa remezo ku isi.
